He is about to give up hope when he encounters a ghost: the spirit of his great poetic hero Virgil. He desperately wishes to ascend a beautiful mountain, but is blocked by three threatening wild beasts. Midway through life, the Italian poet Dante Alighieri finds himself lost and terrified in a dark wood.
Lines quoted outside the Summary section are marked with both canto and line numbers: (2.31-33). Note as well that line numbering restarts at 1 at the beginning of each canto. Please note that quotations are marked here by line numbers rather than page numbers, so you will be able to use this guide with other translations. This guide refers to the 2003 Oxford University Press edition, translated by Robert M.